Developers of microneedle patches—typically the size of a coin or slightly larger than a thumb—say the sensation for patients is similar to an elastic-band snap when pressed on the skin. Some patches are removed within a few seconds, while others are designed to stay in place for around half an hour, depending on the therapy. In addition to the patches, some companies are betting on systems with hollow microneedles that pass drugs and vaccines through their center. Along with Brisbane, Australia-based Vaxxas, the industry includes Fremont, Calif.-based Zosano Pharma Inc. and U.S. conglomerate 3M Co.
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